三者回答三个不同问题：TDS 说"这个产品通常什么样"，COA 说"你收到的这一批实测是多少"，MSDS（SDS）说"怎么安全操作与应急"。采购时应三份都要：TDS 用于选型，COA 用于验收，MSDS 用于安全与运输。 They answer three different questions: the TDS says what the product is normally like, the COA reports what the received batch actually measured, and the MSDS/SDS covers safe handling and emergency response. Request all three — TDS for selection, COA for acceptance, SDS for safety and transport.
TDS（技术数据表）讲什么？ What does a TDS cover?
TDS 描述产品的典型指标、应用领域、包装与储存条件。它的数据是典型值，不是交货规格，供应商通常会在文件里注明"不构成质量担保"。选型阶段看 TDS 就够，验收阶段不能只看 TDS。 A TDS describes typical properties, applications, packaging and storage. Its figures are typical values, not delivery specifications, and suppliers normally state that it does not constitute a warranty. A TDS is enough for selection but not for acceptance.
COA（分析报告）讲什么？ What does a COA cover?
COA 是某一批次产品的实测结果，包含批号、检测项目、实测值与判定结论。验收以 COA 为准，这也是为什么 TDS 上的典型值不能直接作为验收依据。出现质量争议时，COA 与批号是追溯的起点。 A COA reports the measured results of one batch: lot number, test items, measured values and the pass conclusion. Acceptance is based on the COA, which is why typical values from a TDS cannot serve as acceptance criteria. In a dispute, the COA and lot number are where traceability starts.
MSDS / SDS（安全数据表）讲什么？ What does an MSDS/SDS cover?
MSDS 提供危险性分类、急救措施、消防措施、泄漏处理、操作储存与运输信息。它是安全、仓储与运输环节的依据，也是判断产品是否属于危险化学品的直接文件。 An SDS gives hazard classification, first aid, firefighting, accidental release measures, handling, storage and transport information. It is the reference for safety, warehousing and transport, and the direct basis for deciding whether a product is a hazardous chemical.
为什么还要批次留样？ Why keep retain samples?
留样是争议处理的实物依据。每批留样与 COA、MSDS 一并归档后，一旦客户反馈异常，可以按批号追溯并请上游复检，而不是靠推测判定责任。 Retain samples are the physical basis for settling disputes. With retain samples filed alongside the COA and SDS, any reported abnormality can be traced by lot number and re-tested upstream instead of judged by guesswork.
对比一览 Comparison
| 文件 Document | 回答的问题 Question answered | 用在哪一步 Used when | 是否是验收依据 Acceptance basis? |
|---|---|---|---|
| TDS 技术数据表 TDS | 这个产品通常什么样 What is it normally like | 选型、配方开发 Selection, formulation | 否，典型值 No, typical values |
| COA 分析报告 COA | 这一批实测是多少 What this lot measured | 到货验收 Incoming acceptance | 是 Yes |
| MSDS / SDS | 怎么安全操作与应急 How to handle it safely | 仓储、运输、安全培训 Storage, transport, training | 否 No |
| 批次留样 Retain sample | 出问题时拿什么复检 What to re-test if a problem appears | 质量追溯 Traceability | 补充证据 Supporting evidence |
常见问题 FAQ
只要 TDS 不就够了吗？ Is a TDS alone enough?
不够。TDS 是典型值，不能代替该批次的实测结果。到货验收应索取对应批号的 COA，并核对批号是否与货物一致。 No. A TDS gives typical values and cannot replace the measured results for that lot. For acceptance, request the COA for the matching lot number and confirm it matches the delivered goods.
COA 上的指标要和订单一致吗？ Must the COA match the order?
必须一致。采购合同里写明的指标项目与限值，应逐项出现在 COA 上；COA 缺少某项指标，就等于该项没有验收依据。 Yes. Every item and limit written into the purchase contract should appear on the COA. If an item is missing, that item has no acceptance basis.
MSDS 需要最新版本吗？ Must the SDS be the latest revision?
需要。法规与分类会更新，供应商应提供现行版本。旧版 MSDS 可能导致运输与安全操作不符合现行要求。 Yes. Classifications and regulations change, so the supplier should provide the current revision. An outdated SDS can make transport and handling non-compliant.
这些文件该保存多久？ How long should these be kept?
至少保留到该批产品使用完毕并过了质量异议期。涉及出口或下游客户追溯要求的，按客户要求延长保存期限。 At least until the lot is used up and the complaint period has passed. Extend the retention period where export rules or downstream customers require it.
参考资料 References
本页内容用于选型参考，具体指标以该批次的 COA 与 TDS 为准。